A self-respecting owner begins the construction of a summer house with a toilet. In the absence of sewerage, amenities are placed in the yard. The article will tell you about the types and features of country toilets, how to build them yourself.
The installation of the closet requires taking into account the mandatory rules:
- position the structure from a well, well, pond at a distance of at least 30 meters below them;
- reliably isolate the cesspool;
- choose the installation location so that the toilet is not visible and does not interfere;
- do not arrange a cesspool with a groundwater level of less than 2.5 m;
- distance from the house – at least 5 m, from the neighboring site – 2 m;
- provide for the possibility of a sewer truck approaching a cesspool.
Types and features of outdoor toilets
The question arises about the choice of design. There are enough types of outdoor toilets. The following do-it-yourself construction options are distinguished:
- toilet with a cesspool;
- backlash closet;
- powder closet;
- peat toilet.
The correct choice of the optimal type of country toilet should take into account such factors:
- how many people will use it;
- how often will you come to the dacha;
- how much money can you spend on construction;
- what level of environmental friendliness and hygiene is acceptable for you.
Flush toilet built in the form of a house or booth with a pit for collecting sewage. The liquid components evaporate, some of them go into the soil. Dense particles accumulate. If necessary, the cesspool is cleaned manually or with a sewage machine. An option is possible when the booth is transferred to another place, and the pit is filled up.
To maintain hygiene, the destruction of flies, bleach is periodically poured into the pit, and the inside is cleaned with water and a disinfectant liquid.
Backlash closet – a type of toilet with a cesspool. It differs from the first option with a sealed and larger cesspool. The sump is emptied only by pumping.
For tightness, the walls of the pit are made of concrete, they are closed with a lid on top. The hatch is located above ground level. Be sure to arrange a hood.
A toilet bowl is used as a receiving funnel, in which the siphon is cut off.
This design is more hygienic than the previous one, but much more expensive..
Powder closet looks like a regular toilet. He does not need a pit, the sewage is collected in a container under the toilet seat. Good option for areas with high groundwater levels.
A bucket of peat is placed in the booth, which is sprinkled with waste after each visit to the toilet.
It is often necessary to clean a container with a small volume. Suitable for summer cottages where the owners are rarely.
Peat toilet – This is an industrial version of the powder closet. It has a toilet, a 20 liter cistern and a peat box. But you will have to build a booth or a toilet house with your own hands..
How to make a toilet in the country: construction stages
There is always a house in the design of a country toilet. It is built from different materials: wood, brick, stone. For cesspools and backlash closets, a hole is dug. If you chose a toilet with a cesspool, construction begins with it.
Cesspool may measure one and a half meters deep and 1-1.2 m wide. The bottom of the pit is well tamped. To prevent the walls from collapsing quickly, they should be strengthened. You can choose between different options:
- brick it, which is easy and cheap;
- pour concrete. The operation is time consuming, you need to bring rubble, make a formwork;
- put concrete rings;
- use a plastic container.
If a cesspool designed for backlash closets, the bottom is concreted. The walls are sealed: brick walls – with mastic, the seams between the rings are covered with mortar. A clay castle half a meter thick is made around the pit.
Pit closed with a cover with a hatch for cleaning. For a backlash closet, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the cover and hatch.
If you are going to build a brick house over the pit, you need strong foundation. Around the brick or concrete wall of the pit, a trench 20 cm wide is dug to the depth of freezing of the soil. They collect the formwork for the foundation and the simultaneous pouring of the pit floor. In the formwork, the slabs are left three holes: for the cleaning hatch, for the hopper and for ventilation.
Formwork device difficult at first glance. In fact, everything is simple: put boards or chipboard with holes on the hole. Foundation formwork is done only on the outside. It is poured with concrete and a monolith is obtained from the overlap of the pit and foundation. Reinforcement mesh is inserted for strength.
Brick cabin built in brick thickness. Rows after five from the walls remove the remnants of the solution and carry out the jointing. Periodically, with a level and a plumb line, check the horizontal and vertical masonry. Overlapping doors and windows are made of steel corner.
Wooden house the toilet is built faster, cheaper in cost. Its device is started from the foundation. There are two options. Bars are laid on the surface of the concrete foundation. Corner posts are attached to them. If there is no foundation, pipes are installed in the corners to a depth of 80 cm and reinforced with concrete. Pillars are inserted inside the pipes.
Frame made of 80 × 80 mm beams. Beams for the roof are attached to the pillars from above. They protrude somewhat forward and backward to make a visor and overhang on the back. The pillars are diagonally embroidered with boards for the strength of the structure. At a height of 1.8 m, the door lintel is attached in front.
Stulchak made of wood. The frame is sheathed with clapboard. A hole is cut in the middle near the edge.
Roof done with a slight slope back to drain the water. First, an overlap is made from the boards, it is covered with slate, roofing felt, profiled sheet.
Walls sheathed with 25mm planks nailed tightly vertically. Instead of boards, you can use slate or profiled sheets.
Floor maybe concrete. If you wish to lay the tiles on the floor, the screed is pre-leveled. For the device of a wooden floor, two logs are laid, boards are nailed to them.
Hood mounted in the back wall. Two metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 0.5 and 2 meters are used. The short pipe is inserted into the prepared hole. A long pipe is led out with a connecting elbow at an angle of 90 ° above the roof. The pipe is fastened to the wall with clamps. The short pipe can be fixed with polyurethane foam.
All wooden parts are treated with an antiseptic, then painted.
DIY toilet in the country: photo
